Enzyme Lab – use liver to show how catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water, bubbling is used to measure the reaction at different temperatures. Cheap paper writing service provides high-quality essays for affordable prices. (iii) This membrane separates cells from one another and also the cell from the surrounding medium. This is also the case when looking at tissues from plants or animals that are two or more cell layers deep (cells in one layer will be in focus at higher magnification, while those in other layers will be blurry). Cell Research & Design – research cells on the web, use computer to create your own cell Cells Alive (internet) – view cells on the web At 400x magnification, the plasma membrane and cell wall will look like a single dark boundary around the cell. Cell of Bacteria. 10. Organic Compounds – concept map, students fill in terms related to organic chemistry (carbohydrates, nucleotides..etc, Investigation: What are the Different Types of Cells, Converting Light Energy into Chemical Energy, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Photosynthesis Simulation – use simulator online to adjust light settings and gather data on ATP production The lining of the cheek is composed of squamous epithelial cells. This will keep everyone busy and give each student an opportunity to contribute. (Ans: nuclei), 2. I see the plant cell’s nucleus, chloroplast, cell wall, cell membrane, and vacuole. Cell Cycle Label – label a picture of the stages of mitosis, identify parts of the cell such as the centriole and spindle Compartment. At 400x, nuclei should be visible in human cheek cells, but no other organelles. To save time, it is recommended that each member of a student team prepare one of the two slides. The plasma membrane should be distinct as a dark border around a light colored cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells, like plants and animals, also have membrane-bound nuclei and organelles (e.g., mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes). Chloroplasts are also visible and will appear as green ovals, even without stain, due to the presence of the green pigment chlorophyll used in photosynthesis. Cell City Analogy – compares a cell to a city Gellan gum is a biologically inert natural polymer that is increasingly favored as a material-of-choice to form biorelevant hydrogels. At the magnifications that are generally attainable in the K-12 classroom, many organelles are not visible. Which organelles were visible in your specimens? This is a good time to demonstrate how to make a wet mount and how to scrape for cheek for cells. The cells themselves should appear scale-like and irregular in shape. The individual chambers you see are cells, the smallest functional unit of an organism. still and moving images of Elodea from the Exploratorium, https://microscopy4kids.org/m4k2/index.php?title=Comparing_Plant_and_Animal_Cells&oldid=550, © Microscopy For Kids, 2013, 2014 | All Rights Reserved |, Distinguish between plant and animal cells, Identify nuclei, chloroplasts, plasma membranes and cell walls under the microscope, Use a biological stain to visualize nuclei in human cheek cells, Microscope Basics: The Compound Light Microscope or The Scientific Process: Variables (both of these teach students basic microscopy), Microscope Basics: Field of View and Depth of Field, Purchase Elodea (can be stored in an aquarium or beaker of water in the sunlight for several weeks; however, goldfish will sometimes eat it), Fill dropper bottles with methylene blue and optionally with 10% NaCl, Make copies of the lab handout (1 per student), Set up lab stations (with microscopes, toothpicks, coverslips and slides, stain, optional NaCl solution, etc). At 400x magnification, the plasma membrane and cell wall will look like a single dark boundary around the cell. HS-LS1.A Structure and Function: All cells contain genetic information in the form of DNA molecules. If you have an LCD projector, you can project the images onto a screen for the whole class to see and discuss which structures are visible and which are not. This will also be a problem with Elodea specimens, since their leaves are two cell-layers thick. Cell Membrane Images – work in groups to create captions and titles for images depicting the cell membrane and transport across it. Cheek Cell Lab –   observe cheek cells under the microscope Connect Virtual Labs is a fully online lab solution that can be used as an online lab replacement, preparation, supplement or make-up lab to bridge the gap between lab and lecture. During cell division, a plant cell divides its cytoplasm by depositing Golgi vesicles containing cell wall precursors at the former site of the metaphase plate, building a larger and larger disk-like structure that grows toward and fuses with the plasma membrane. All cells have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm and ribosomes. Optional: show the video about preparing wet mount slides of Elodea: 6. If necessary, this activity can be done in student teams of 3 or 4. In the second Elodea slide, why did the chloroplast move to the center of the cell? Meiosis Internet Lesson –  view animations of meiosis, compare to mitosis Cell Rap – song or poem to describe the parts of the cell, Label the parts of the cell – complex drawing showing plant and animal cells, and protein synthesis However, they may end up with overlapping cells, in which case, they should be instructed to focus on only one layer until the cell is completely in focus and to draw just the cells that are in focus. It is also called hydrostatic pressure, and defined as the pressure measured by a fluid, measured at a certain point within itself when at equilibrium. You may also choose to show the class some of the sample images so they know what to expect. Virtual Enzyme Lab – this simulator allows the user to change substrate concentrations and pH levels and then observe reaction rates. Cell Model – create a cell from household and kitchen items, rubric included Start studying Ch 9 Review. They will be green and oval shaped, located between the central vacuole and the plasma membrane. – measure the surface area and volume of boxes as a cell model, Cell Size Experiment – use agar and a basic solution to illustrate how fast fluids can diffuse into a cell, dependent on cell size, Mitosis in an Onion – view picture, identify the stages of mitosis in each of the cells Diffusion – model diffusion using a plastic baggie, iodine and a beaker. ok Student Exploration: Cell Types Activity B: Specialized Cells Get the Gizmo ready: On the LANDSCAPE tab, click on the woman’s head to choose the human neuron sample. Because of all the salt ions (Na+ and Cl- ions) outside the cell membrane of each Elodea cell, water molecules move out of the cell membrane causing the cell membrane and it contents to shrink into a blob in the center of the cell wall. Prokaryote Coloring – color a typical bacteria cell Cell Membrane: (i) The cytoplasm and nucleus are enclosed within the cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane. This will also be a problem with Elodea specimens, since their leaves are two cell-layers thick. Ideally, this should be done in student teams of no more than 2 students. Depth of field refers to resolution in the longitudinal plane (i.e., parallel to the optical axis). However, as a burn wound dressing, native gellan gum hydrogels do not drive host’s biology toward regeneration and are mechanically inadequate wound barriers. (iv) It is selectively permeable. In the wild, it provides a habitat for fish and aquatic invertebrates, as well as food for ducks, beavers and other animals. “Squamous” comes from the Latin word for scales. Monitor and assist as needed. Ask students to list the common structures found in eukaryotic cells. Observing Osmosis – use an egg, vinegar, corn syrup, will take a few days 7. This can be minimized by showing them examples of Elodea and cheek cells in advance (samples are provided on this website). 11. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Several sprigs can be kept in a centralized aquarium or beaker and students can break off a leaf as needed), optional forceps (for obtaining single Elodea leaves), optional 10% NaCl solution (can be in dropper bottles or in a small beaker with a transfer pipette). Without adding 10% NaCl, the chloroplasts will be located near the plasma membrane, which will be indistinguishable from the cell wall, as a dark border around the cytoplasm. Optional: show the still and moving images of Elodea from the Exploratorium. Generally, turgor pressure is caused by the osmotic flow of water and occurs in plants, fungi, and bacteria. Students sometimes have trouble finding the cells under the microscope and getting them into focus. CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks, attending to special cases or exceptions defined in the text. Read through the procedure with the students. Also known as water weed or pond weed, Elodea is commonly used in aquariums and easy to obtain from pet stores. In the first Elodea slide, why were the chloroplasts located near the cell wall and not distributed more evenly throughout the cell? Plant Cell Lab  –  microscope observation of onion and elodea If digital microscopes are available, you can have students save and print digital photographs and sketch from these or add their labels directly to their digital images. This lesson can be completed in one 50-minute period. However, nuclei can be seen at 200-400x if a biological stain is used such as methylene blue. Knowledge of osmosis and hypertonic solutions is helpful, but not required. The large size of the vacuole pushes all contents of the cell’s cytoplasm against the cell wall, thus keeping the chloroplasts closer to light. 4. Photosynthesis Lab – AP Lab, uses spinach leafs and light to measure the rate of photosynthesis. Diffusion and Osmosis Review Guide – with questions, definitions and images, Osmosis in Cells – AP Lab 1, modified, using dialysis tubes and sugar solutions to observe water movement, Photosynthesis and Respiration Model – image shows the two processes are connected; students answer questions related to a graphi, Chemiosmosis Coloring – color the membrane and the steps involved in the production of ATP In this lab, students should be able to obtain isolated single cheek cells. Some students may need help focusing and centering their specimens. They will appear more rectangular in shape. 9. Onion and Whitefish – view cells, if you missed the classroom lab; virtual version of the mitosis lab Turgor pressure is the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall.. Depth of field declines as magnification increases. (Ans: the vacuole had released its water, allowing the plasma membrane to shrink, pulling all the organelles, including the chloroplasts, closer toward the center). The cell’s internal environment changes in response to the conditions of the soil. Cellular Respiration – AP Biology Lab using peas and respirometers Plant Cell Coloring – color a typical plant cell Plant Cell Virtual Lab – use a virtual microscope to view plant cells. If you have sufficient materials and equipment, you could even have 1 student per microscope. However, the chloroplasts will be bunched together near the center of the cell and harder to distinguish from one another. This article explains what happens. Case Study: Cystic Fibrosis – for AP Biology, examines the role of cell membrane proteins in clearing mucus from the lungs. Elodea is a genus of fresh water plants native to North America. Cell Labeling – simple cell drawing and complex cells diagrams are compared, Why Are Cells So Small? (Grades 9-10). Simple squamous epithelial cells are found in the walls of the capillaries, in the air sacs, or alveoli, of the lungs, and in the kidneys. (Grades 9-10), CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text. 5. This will keep both students busy, maximize efficiency, and facilitate more accurate biological drawing. Cell Membrane Images – work in groups to create captions and titles for images depicting the cell membrane and transport across it. 1. Review microscope basics and the rules for making biological drawings, 2. Photosynthesis Simulation – this simulator uses light and varying levels of carbon dioxide to explore rates of photosynthesis, replaces the waterweed simulator 1. Stratified epithelial cells are located on the outer layer of the skin and they also all body openings. Instruct students to focus on one cell layer until it is completely in focus and make their biological drawings of this cell layer. They will be located near the plasma membrane/cell wall because the large central vacuole is full of water and occupying most of the center of the cell, thus pushing them toward the cell wall. Onion Root Tip Lab – view real cells with a microscope, requires lab equipment and prepared slides For each team: 1 microscope, 2 microscope slides, 2 cover slips, small beaker of water, transfer pipette or eye dropper, 1-2 toothpicks, 1 dropper bottle of methylene blue, 1 copy of the “Biological Drawings” handout (laminated or in a protective plastic sleeve), 1 ruler (for labeling biological drawings), Elodea sprig (These can be purchased from most pet or aquarium stores. Salt and Elodea – quick lab to observe the effects of salt water on elodea cells, Diffusion and Osmosis Crossword Puzzle – vocabulary review Investigation: Exploring Cells – follow in the footsteps of famous scientists like Hooke and Van Leeuwenhoek by looking at slides of cork, paramecium (animalcules) and typical plant and animal specimens. (Ans: the vacuole was full of water and pressed all the organelles, including the chloroplasts, outward toward the cell wall), 4. If 10% NaCl is used, the plasma membrane will pull away from the cell wall and both will be visible as distinct darker borders, with the plasma membrane inside and the cell wall outside. It might seem impossible to you that all custom-written essays, research papers, speeches, book reviews, and other custom task completed by our writers are both of high quality and cheap. Have them complete the prelab questions on the attached lab handout (this can be done as homework the night before or during class).

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